Quantropi CTO Mike Reading breaks down what it takes to bring post-quantum cryptography (PQC) into real IoT firmware, where flash, RAM, and power limits make “swap in new crypto” a non-trivial engineering task. The emphasis is on making quantum-resistant key exchange and digital signatures deployable without rewriting an entire product stack. https://www.quantropi.com/
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On the bench, Quantropi shows its core crypto running on bare-metal microcontrollers, including a Renesas RA6 board and an ST board, to make the resource trade-offs visible: code size, heap/stack pressure, handshake time, and verification latency. The pitch is developer-centric portability: the same primitives can be used across ARM Cortex-M targets and common environments like FreeRTOS, Zephyr, Eclipse ThreadX, or “no RTOS at all” on the device.
A key theme is integration rather than theory: Quantropi extends mbedTLS so the TLS handshake can negotiate PQC (including the NIST-standard track like ML-KEM/ML-DSA patterns) while staying usable in embedded networking. They also demonstrate the same building blocks inside MCUboot to enable post-quantum code signing for OTA firmware updates and verified boot, keeping the chain-of-trust relevant as cryptographic assumptions evolve.
They spend time on entropy as a first-order primitive: strong keys require strong randomness, and they generate it in software using system-jitter sources to feed key generation and session setup. Filmed at Embedded World North America 2025, the takeaway is that PQC adoption in embedded is mostly about shipping constant-time, side-channel-aware libraries with clean APIs, so teams can migrate before compliance pressure lands here.
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